Before the deposition on the Er:Al2O3 Lively material, the coupling circuit, i.e., the strip waveguides, the manner changeover tapers and also the method converters ended up included with a 800 nm thick layer of hydrogen silsesquioxane (HSQ, n ~1.45) to avoid their coating with the active materials, as proven in https://henryy974szf0.daneblogger.com/profile